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Robert Sanford
Robert Sanford was an English explorer of the Province of Carolina in the 18th century on behalf of the eight Lords Proprietor of the Province of Carolina. He followed Captain William Hilton in the search for sites on the Carolina coast for establishing English settlements after the charter of 1663.
Both Sanford and Hilton’s expeditions were based in Barbados, and Sanford was patronized by English planters in Barbados, including James Drax.〔Barber, Sarah, "Power in the English Caribbean: the Proprietorship of Lord Willoughby of Parham" in Roper, LH and Van Ruymbeke, B. “Constructing Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750, Leiden: Brill 2007 p. 193〕
== Youth and Early Career ==
Sanford was born in England before 1642 and he and his brother, William, moved to Barbados as children around 1642,〔He wrote that he had been in the West Indies nearly 20 years in 1662. Sanford, "Suriname Justice" London : Printed for the author ..., 1662〕 and Sanford stated he was ignorant of English ways in a pamphlet he wrote called Suriname Justice. His uncle was Major Nathaniel Kingsland, settler of Barbados. In 1661-1662 Robert ran afoul of Governor William Willoughby and William Byam, his deputy, and was manacled, fined and exiled from Suriname without trial. Byam accused Sanford that under the cover of a mission to recover runaway slaves he threatened to go to St Vincent with the soldiers and native-born Americans. Sanford accused Byam and his associate, George Marten, of crimes against the rights of the settlers as Englishmen, and of "atheism, license, and abuse of due process".〔Barber, Sarah, "Power in the English Caribbean: the Proprietorship of Lord Willoughby of Parham" in Roper, LH and Van Ruymbeke, B. “Constructing Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750, Leiden: Brill 2007 p. 207〕 His allies at this time included Samuel Farmer, one time Speaker of the Assembly of Barbados.
In 1664, Sanford's uncle, Nathaniel Kingsland, leased Sanford his Suriname plantation for five years. In November of 1664, he was created agent and secretary for Clarindon County, Carolina for Lord Proprietor Sir John Colleton.〔Barber, Sarah, "Power in the English Caribbean: the Proprietorship of Lord Willoughby of Parham" in Roper, LH and Van Ruymbeke, B. “Constructing Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750, Leiden: Brill 2007 p. 210〕
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